Outcomes and their predictors in suprapatellar nailing for tibia fractures. Multivariable analysis of 293 consecutive cases.

PURPOSE: Intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures is one of the most common procedures in orthopedic surgery. It can be technically demanding in proximal or distal fractures, which may be facilitated using semi-extended approaches. The aim of this study is to identify outcomes and their predictors using a semi-extended suprapatellar approach for tibial fracture nailing. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort of 293 patients who underwent intramedullary nail fixation of a tibial fracture through a suprapatellar approach, considering a postoperative follow-up of 1 year. Data on patient's baseline characteristics, injuries, treatments, and outcomes regarding alignment, fracture union, and complications were recorded. For multivariable analysis, hierarchical binary (logistic) regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 47.7 years (SD 18.9), with 42A1 the most frequent fracture pattern (n = 98, 33.5%). Correct or anatomical alignment (≤ 5º in both planes) was achieved in 272 (92.8%) of the patients. On multivariate analysis, surgical delay ≥ 7 days (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.3-8.1) and age over 50 years (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.2-8.3) were found as predictors of fracture malalignment. Fracture healing was achieved in 97.6%, and reoperation rate was 6.14%. Overall complication's predictors were proximal fracture (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.1-7.2), temporary external fixation (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2-4.9), and fracture malalignment (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1-7.9). CONCLUSION: The suprapatellar approach is a safe and useful technique for treating tibial fractures, leading to no less than correct reduction in almost all patients and achieving a high fracture healing rate, at very low rates of complications. Pre- and postoperative predictors identified must be taken into account to improve outcomes while treating these fractures.

Care Pathway at a Cancer Center for the Administration of Radiometabolic Therapy with 177Lu-PSMA in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Objectives: To present a clinical care model for the administration of 177Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in radiometabolic therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: A care model was designed for patients with mCRPC based on the VISION study, a prospective, phase III, multicenter, open-label, randomized study in patients with positive 68Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography/computed tomography who had progressed to taxane and androgen therapy, to receive 177Lu-PSMA-617 combined with the best standard of care vs. the best standard of care alone. The care pathway provided to patients was developed by the Nuclear Medicine Group of the NCI and is the result of adjustments and improvements in the care process and the updating of the literature. Results: A systematic and efficient care model was formalized and implemented for the administration of 177Lu-PSMA therapy in patients with mCRPC who had previously been treated with at least one androgen receptor pathway inhibitor and one or two taxane regimens, with evidence of disease progression. Conclusion: An optimized process of care based on the determinants of clinical outcomes was developed for patients who received this type of radiometabolic therapy.

Prosthetic joint infection caused by an atypical gram-negative bacilli: Odoribactersplanchnicus.

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication after total hip arthroplasty. Its management consists of both: a radical debridement and implant retention or exchange (depending on the timing of symptoms) and directed antibiotic therapy. Thus, the isolation of atypical microorganisms implies a challenge, where anaerobes are responsible for only 4% of cases. However, Odoribacter splanchnicus has not been reported as a cause of PJI yet. We present an 82 year-old woman who was diagnosed with hip PJI. A radical debridement, prosthetic withdrawal, and spacer introduction was performed. Despite the directed antibiotic therapy against E. coli which was first isolated, the patient persisted clinically febrile. An anaerobic Gram-negative rod was isolated and finally, Odoribacter splanchnicus was identified and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Then, antibiotic bitherapy with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole was started until 6 weeks after surgery. The patient had no signs of infection recurrence after then. This case report also shows the importance of genomic identification of rare microorganisms causing PJI, and also allows setting a directed antibiotic therapy which is crucial for infection eradication.

Prevalencia de diabetes gestacional en Colombia: una revisión sistemática y estudio comparativo

Introducción: Las mujeres embarazadas con diabetes mellitus gestacional DMG tienen un mayor riesgo de tener resultados adversos materno-infantiles, debido a lo cual es importante estimar la prevalencia de DMG en Colombia de acuerdo con los criterios de la Asociación Internacional de Grupos de Estudio de Diabetes y Embarazo (IADPSG). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline y Cochrane en inglés y español. La evaluación de la calidad se hizo mediante la metodología GRADE. Resultados: En la revisión sistemática se incluyó un total de 7 estudios con 37 795 participantes colombianas. La prevalencia de DMG en Colombia fue de 8,7 %. Conclusiones: Esta revisión sistemática se constituye en un primer estudio exploratorio en estimar la prevalencia de DMG en Colombia según criterios de la IADPSG. La estimación de la prevalencia global se sitúa cercana a la media mundial, sin embargo, estos resultados deben ser valorados con precaución por limitaciones en la opción de la guía para detección de diabetes gestacional y subregistro. WDF 15-955 Project, Barranquilla, Colombia.

Introduction: Pregnant women with GDM gestational diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of having adverse maternal-infant outcomes. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of GDM in Colombia according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups [IADPSG]. Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out by searching the PubMed / Medline and Cochrane databases in English and Spanish. The quality assessment was done using the GRADE methodology. Results: A total of 7 articles with 37,795 Colombian participants were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of GDM in Colombia was 8.7 %. Conclusions: As far as we know, this systematic review is the first study to estimate the prevalence of GDM in women in Colombia according to criteria of the IADPSG. The results suggest a GDM prevalence in Colombia in the world average. Be careful with these results because there could be un-der-records.

Multi-site, multi-country randomized clinical trial of an acute traumatic brain injury caregiver transition assistance program in Latin America.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Latin America experience high levels of disability and extremely poor functional outcomes, and their informal caregivers play a key role in their rehabilitation and care. OBJECTIVE: To improve TBI rehabilitation through stronger informal caregiving, this study developed and evaluated an evidence-based and culturally appropriate Transition Assistance Program (TAP) for informal caregivers of individuals with TBI in Latin America, specifically targeting the time period before and after the transition from hospital to home. METHODS: A sample of 89 people with a new TBI and their primary informal caregiver (n = 178) was recruited from two hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico, and in Cali, Colombia. Caregivers were randomly assigned to either the TAP group or to a control group receiving the standard care provided by the hospital. Caregivers completed measures of depression and burden, and individuals with TBI completed measures of depression and self-perceived burden on caregivers before hospital discharge and at 2- and 4-month follow ups. RESULTS: Caregivers in the TAP group reported significantly lower burden than those in the control group and marginally lower depression. Individuals with TBI whose caregivers had been in the TAP group reported significantly lower depression than those whose caregivers had been in the control group, and a non-significant but lower self-perceived burden on their caregivers. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the TAP has strong potential to benefit both TBI caregivers and individuals with TBI during the transition from acute TBI hospitalization to home in Latin America, generally showing small-or medium-sized effects on key outcomes.

Pedicled palmar intermetacarpal perforator flap for skin-graftless syndactyly release: Anatomical study and clinical application.

INTRODUCTION: Dorsal hand skin flaps have been described in order to avoid digit skin grafting in syndactyly release. Although these skin-graftless techniques present a lower rate of long term complications, they result in unsightly dorsal scarring and worse patient satisfaction. We describe a novel technique using an intermetacarpal palmar flap by performing an anatomic study and clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten colored-latex-injected fresh upper limbs were used to study the palmar cutaneous perforators to second to fourth intermetacarpal space skin flaps designed elliptical, its width extending from the center of each involved ray and measuring 40%-50% the length of the palm. RESULTS: The anatomical study revealed a mean 2.77 (range 1 to 4) cutaneous perforators originating from either the common or proper digital vessels for every intermetacarpal space and measuring 0.4 mm (range 0.3 to 0.5 mm) in diameter. CLINICAL APPLICATION: This flap, measuring a mean of 21.5 mm (range 20 to 23 mm) in length and 9.5 mm (range 9 to 10 mm) in width, was used to release simple syndactylies in three patients of mean age 24 months (range = 18-30 months). After skin incision, cutaneous septa to the digital canal were released to permit flap advancement to the web space. Cutaneous perforators were not dissected. Intra-operative palmar-flap advancement provided commissure coverage in all children with no skin grafts needed. Over a mean follow-up of 15 months, no complications occurred, mean palm scar VSS was 2.4 (range 2 to 3) while it was 3 (range 3 to 3) for the commissure scars. CONCLUSIONS: Skin-graftless syndactyly release using a palmar intermetacarpal flap seems both reliable and easy-to-perform. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

Clinical, Histopathologic and Genetic Features of Rhabdoid Meningiomas.

Rhabdoid meningiomas (RM) shows heterogeneous histological findings, and a wide variety of chromosomal copy number alterations (CNA) are associated with an unpredictable course of the disease. In this study, we analyzed a series of 305 RM samples from patients previously reported in the literature and 33 samples from 23 patients studied in our laboratory. Monosomy 22-involving the minimal but most common recurrent region loss of the 22q11.23 chromosomal region was the most observed chromosomal alteration, followed by losses of chromosomes 14, 1, 6, and 19, polysomies of chromosomes 17, 1q, and 20, and gains of 13q14.2, 10p13, and 21q21.2 chromosomal regions. Based on their CNA profile, RM could be classified into two genetic subgroups with distinct clinicopathologic features characterized by the presence of (1) chromosomal losses only and (2) combined losses and gains of several chromosomes. The latter displays a higher frequency of WHO grade 3 tumors and poorer clinical outcomes.

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection with brainstem hemorrhage and polymicrogyria: Necropsic and histopathological findings.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause severe neurological sequelae or even fetal death. We present a 17-year-old pregnant woman with fetal CMV infection, leading to voluntary termination of pregnancy. Fetopsy demonstrated a brainstem hemorrhage and focal polymicrogyria. CMV inclusions were observed in the lung, liver, thyroid, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal, placenta, and central nervous system. Intracranial hemorrhage is a rare finding in the context of congenital CMV infection, with isolated brainstem hemorrhage being an exceptional form of presentation. Polymicrogyria appears to be a more frequent finding, although its actual incidence is unknown. Future studies are needed to determine the causal association.

Estilos de aprendizaje utilizados por estudiantes de primer año de licenciaturas en Ciencias Médicas. Cienfuegos, 2019-2020

RESUMEN Fundamento: el estilo de aprendizaje está directamente relacionado con las estrategias que utiliza un estudiante para aprender algo. Una manera de entenderlo sería pensar en el estilo de aprendizaje como la media estadística de todas las estrategias que utiliza. Se corresponden, por tanto, las grandes tendencias con las estrategias más usadas. Objetivo: determinar las estrategias y estilos de aprendizaje que utilizaron los estudiantes de primer año de las licenciaturas en Ciencias Médicas, durante el proceso docente-educativo del curso 2019-2020. Métodos: estudio descriptivo acerca de la relación entre estrategias, estilos de aprendizaje y la calidad de la enseñanza. Del universo constituido por 152 estudiantes de primer año de las carreras seleccionadas, se determinó una muestra de 121, que representan el 80,6 %. Se empleó la observación del proceso, el análisis documental, la aplicación de encuestas y el test del aprendizaje de Kolb. Los resultados fueron procesados estadísticamente, aplicando la hoja de cálculo Microsoft Excel y el paquete profesional SPSS para Windows versión 11.0. Resultados: se identificaron las estrategias y estilos de aprendizaje que utilizan los estudiantes, relacionándolos con los resultados académicos del primer año de la carrera. Predominó la estrategia de recirculación de la información y el estilo de aprendizaje visual. Al aplicar la rueda del aprendizaje de Kolb prevaleció el tipo de alumno teórico o convergente. Conclusiones: la calidad de la promoción alcanzada por los estudiantes puede considerarse satisfactoria, porque la mayoría de los resultados evaluativos se ubican en las categorías excelente y bien.

ABSTRACT Background: the learning style is directly related to the strategies that a student uses to learn something. One way to understand it would be to think of the learning style as the statistical mean of all the strategies used. Therefore, the major trends correspond to the most used strategies. Objective: to determine the strategies and learning styles used by first-year students of medical science degrees, during the teaching-educational process of the 2019-2020 academic year. Methods: descriptive and retrospective study about the relationship between strategies, learning styles and the quality of teaching. From the universe of 152 first-year students from the selected careers, a sample of 121 was determined, representing 80.6%. The observation of the process, the documentary analysis, the application of surveys and the Kolb learning test were used. The results were statistically processed, applying the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and the SPSS professional package for Windows version 11.0. Results: the learning strategies and styles used by the students were identified, relating them to the academic results of the first year of the degree. The information recirculation strategy and the visual learning style predominated. When applying Kolb's wheel of learning, the theoretical or convergent type of student prevailed. Conclusions: the quality of the promotion achieved by the students can be considered satisfactory, because most of the evaluative results are located in the excellent and good categories.

Gartland Type-IV Supracondylar Humeral Fractures: Preoperative Radiographic Features and a Hypothesis on Causation.

BACKGROUND: The diagnose of Gartland Type-IV (G-IV) supracondylar humeral fractures (SCHF) has been reported to only be possible via fluoroscopy intra-operatively. HYPOTHESIS: A preoperative radiographic fracture pattern can indicate a G-IV SCHF. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective qualitative analysis of radiographs and reduction techniques used in twenty-seven GIV SCHF. RESULTS: Anterior-posterior radiographs demonstrated lateral translation or angulation in 21 cases (valgus type) and medial translation or angulation in 6 cases (varus type). In spite of a complete cortical disruption, lateral radiographs showed that the distal fragment was vertically aligned with the proximal fragment. Reduction was achieved in semi-extension, via supination in valgus type fracture and pronation for varus type fractures. DISCUSSION: Our conjecture is that a trauma vector in the coronal plane would result in a near-circumferential periosteal disruption, with which either a medial or lateral periosteal hinge remains. The distal fragment would be vertically aligned in lateral radiographs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV; Diagnostic.

Enterobacterales productores de carbapenemasas en sifones de lavamanos de una Unidad de Paciente Crítico

Resumen Introducción: Enterobacterales productores de carbapenemasas (EPC) son una importante causa de infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS). El principal reservorio de EPC lo constituyen pacientes infectados y colonizados, sin embargo, también se han identificado reservorios ambientales. Objetivo: Detectar la presencia de EPC en los sifones de lavamanos de la unidad de cuidados críticos de pacientes quemados adultos (UPC QMD) y unidad de cuidados críticos de pacientes pediátricos crónicos (UCEP). Método: Se recolectaron cuatro muestras de sifones de los lavamanos ubicados en el interior de las unidades de pacientes en UCEP y 10 de UPC QMD. A las muestras se les realizó estudio fenotípico y molecular para detección de carbapenemasas en el Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile. Resultados: En los sifones estudiados de UCEP no se aislaron cepas de EPC. En UPC QMD, 50% de los sifones estudiados se aislaron cepas de EPC. Conclusiones: En UPC QMD se objetivó la presencia de EPC en una alta proporción de los sifones de lavamanos testeados, lo que demuestra un reservorio ambiental de bacterias multi-resistentes.

Abstract Introduction: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are an important cause of health care associated infections (HAI). The main reservoir is constituted by infected and colonized patients; however, environmental reservoirs have also been identified. Objective: To detect the presence of CPE in the sink traps of the critical care unit for adult burn patients (UPC QMD) and the critical care unit for chronic pediatric patients (UCEP). Material and Method: Four samples of trap were collected from the sinks located inside the patient units at PICU and 10 at UPC QMD. The samples underwent a phenotypic and molecular study for the detection of carbapenemases at the Institute of Public Health of Chile. Results: In the UCEP no EPC strains were isolated. In UPC QMD, CPE was detected in 50% of the traps. Conclusions: In UPC QMD, the presence of CPE was observed in a high proportion of the tested sinks traps, which shows an environmental reservoir of multi-resistant bacteria.

Suicidal ideation after acute traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal actor-partner interdependence model of patients and caregivers in Latin America.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with depression, anxiety, and even suicidality in individuals with TBI and in caregivers. Moreover, emotional functioning in individuals with TBI is linked with caregiver functioning. However, no known studies to date have examined linkages in suicidal ideation in individuals with TBI and family caregivers. This is especially important in Latin America, where TBI rates are high, and where cultural norms influence family caregiving. This study examined associations among self-reported suicidal ideation in individuals with TBI and their primary caregivers over time in Mexico and Colombia. Research Method/Design: A total of 109 individuals and their primary caregivers completed measures during hospitalization for TBI and at 2- and 4-months posthospitalization. The primary outcome was Item 9 from the Spanish version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, assessing for thoughts of death or suicide in the previous 2 weeks. RESULTS: Patients and caregivers reported high levels of suicidal ideation (18.3%-22.4% and 12.4%-15.7%, respectively) at each time point, and suicidal ideation at one time point strongly predicted ideation at the next. When patients endorsed suicidal ideation in the hospital, their caregivers tended to endorse suicidal ideation 2 months later. Although unaccounted for variables could be driving these relationships, they may also provide possible evidence of causal preponderance between patient and caregiver suicidal ideation post-TBI. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians and rehabilitation specialists can use these findings to inform suicide risk assessment by expanding these practices to caregivers of patients who endorsed suicidal ideation. Interventions after TBI should incorporate caregivers given this study showed significant interdependence of suicidality between patients and caregivers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Regulation of nuclear medicine services: Perception of the problems and challenges in Colombia for the approach to cancer / Regulación de los servicios de medicina nuclear: percepción de la problemática y desafíos para el manejo del cáncer en Colombia

Introduction: Colombia has modified the nuclear medicine norms that impact the administration of radioactive iodine therapy in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Objective: To identify the areas of agreement regarding the issue, as well as the current and emergent requirements associated with the normative for the operation of nuclear medicine services that have an impact on the care of patients with thyroid cancer in Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted a two-round Delphi study for each expert, clinical, and regulatory group. The first round explored views on the implications of the regulations that apply to nuclear medicine. The second round rated the statements from the first round by their relevance. Results: The issues regarding nuclear medicine services were related to the normative clarity and the lack of synergy and coherence among inspection, surveillance, and control bodies. The demands on the waste management system require a high economic investment that can influence the service offer and have an impact on the integral control of thyroid cancer. Unification of the auditors' criteria, delimitation of the acting agent functions, technical assistance to the services to comply with the normative, and the oversight of the inspection, surveillance, and control bodies by the regulatory entities are among the current and future needs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that nuclear medicine services are going through a time of multiple institutional, regulatory, and economic challenges that put at risk the development and maintenance of nuclear medicine in cancer care.

Introducción. La modificación de las normas sobre medicina nuclear en Colombia ha afectado la administración de la terapia de yodo radioactivo en el tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides. Objetivos. Determinar las áreas de acuerdo en torno al problema, los requisitos actuales y los nuevos exigidos en la normativa para el funcionamiento de los servicios de medicina nuclear. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio Delphi de dos rondas con cada grupo de expertos, 'clínicos' y 'de entidades reguladoras'. En la primera ronda se exploraron los puntos de vista sobre las implicaciones de la normativa en medicina nuclear y, en la segunda, se calificaron las declaraciones de la primera según su relevancia. Resultados. La problemática de los servicios de medicina nuclear está relacionada con la claridad normativa, y la falta de sinergia y coherencia entre los organismos de inspección, vigilancia y control. Las exigencias del sistema de gestión de desechos requieren una alta inversión económica que puede influir en la oferta del servicio y repercutir en el control integral del cáncer de tiroides. Entre las necesidades presentes y futuras, se encuentran la unificación de criterios entre los auditores, la delimitación de funciones de los actuantes, la asistencia técnica para cumplir con la normativa, y la veeduría a los organismos de inspección, vigilancia y control por parte de los entes reguladores. Conclusión. Los hallazgos del estudio sugieren que los servicios de medicina nuclear atraviesan un momento de múltiples desafíos institucionales, normativos y económicos, que ponen en riesgo el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la medicina nuclear en la atención oncológica.

Regulación de los servicios de medicina nuclear: percepción de la problemática y desafíos para el manejo del cáncer en Colombia / Regulation of nuclear medicine services: Perception of the problems and challenges in Colombia for the approach to cancer

Resumen | Introducción. La modificación de las normas sobre medicina nuclear en Colombia ha afectado la administración de la terapia de yodo radioactivo en el tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides. Objetivos. Determinar las áreas de acuerdo en torno al problema, los requisitos actuales y los nuevos exigidos en la normativa para el funcionamiento de los servicios de medicina nuclear. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio Delphi de dos rondas con cada grupo de expertos, 'clínicos' y 'de entidades reguladoras'. En la primera ronda se exploraron los puntos de vista sobre las implicaciones de la normativa en medicina nuclear y, en la segunda, se calificaron las declaraciones de la primera según su relevancia. Resultados. La problemática de los servicios de medicina nuclear está relacionada con la claridad normativa, y la falta de sinergia y coherencia entre los organismos de inspección, vigilancia y control. Las exigencias del sistema de gestión de desechos requieren una alta inversión económica que puede influir en la oferta del servicio y repercutir en el control integral del cáncer de tiroides. Entre las necesidades presentes y futuras, se encuentran la unificación de criterios entre los auditores, la delimitación de funciones de los actuantes, la asistencia técnica para cumplir con la normativa, y la veeduría a los organismos de inspección, vigilancia y control por parte de los entes reguladores. Conclusión. Los hallazgos del estudio sugieren que los servicios de medicina nuclear atraviesan un momento de múltiples desafíos institucionales, normativos y económicos, que ponen en riesgo el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la medicina nuclear en la atención oncológica.

Abstract | Introduction: Colombia has modified the nuclear medicine norms that impact the administration of radioactive iodine therapy in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Objective: To identify the areas of agreement regarding the issue, as well as the current and emergent requirements associated with the normative for the operation of nuclear medicine services that have an impact on the care of patients with thyroid cancer in Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted a two-round Delphi study for each expert, clinical, and regulatory group. The first round explored views on the implications of the regulations that apply to nuclear medicine. The second round rated the statements from the first round by their relevance. Results: The issues regarding nuclear medicine services were related to the normative clarity and the lack of synergy and coherence among inspection, surveillance, and control bodies. The demands on the waste management system require a high economic investment that can influence the service offer and have an impact on the integral control of thyroid cancer. Unification of the auditors' criteria, delimitation of the acting agent functions, technical assistance to the services to comply with the normative, and the oversight of the inspection, surveillance, and control bodies by the regulatory entities are among the current and future needs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that nuclear medicine services are going through a time of multiple institutional, regulatory, and economic challenges that put at risk the development and maintenance of nuclear medicine in cancer care.

Calidad de vida en el adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo II / Quality of life in the elderly with type II diabetes mellitus

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la calidad de vida de una familia de dos adultos mayores que padecen diabetes mellitus tipo II. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de caso con diseño cualitativo, se aplicó entrevista a profundidad utilizando como referencia los ejes, categorías y subcategorías del Modelo de Valoración Familiar de Calgary y un diario de campo. Los datos se analizaron a través de la técnica de análisis de contenido; se aplicó la estrategia de "triangulación de investigador". Resultados: Las principales categorías que emergieron fueron: la importancia del rol de los padres en la crianza de sus hijos, la educación como base de la superación personal, limitaciones de la edad y secuelas de una vida con diabetes, amor costumbre y dependencia y red de apoyo pilar fundamental para el desarrollo de los adultos mayores. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones del profesional de enfermería están orientadas a favorecer el autocuidado y enseñar a vivir con las nuevas características dadas por las secuelas de su edad y de las complicaciones de las patologías que los aquejan. En caso necesario, se debe fortalecer la red social, buscando recursos familiares y extrafamiliares que participen en la resolución de las crisis que se presenten. Las relaciones con amigos, vecinos y compañeros se consideran también importantes para ofrecer otros tipos de ayuda, estas se establecen a través de intereses comunes y actividades compartidas y son esenciales fuera del contexto del hogar.

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the quality of life of a family of two older adults suffering from Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Material and method: A case study with qualitative design was carried out, an in-depth interview was applied using as reference the axes, categories and subcategories of the Calgary Family Valuation Model and a field diary. The data was analyzed through the technique of content analysis, the strategy of "investigator triangulation" was applied. Results: The main categories that emerged were: the importance of the role of parents in the upbringing of their children, education as a basis for self-improvement, age limitations and sequelae of a life with diabetes, love, habits and dependency and support network, a fundamental support pillar for the development of the elderly. Conclusions: The interventions of the registered nurse are oriented to favor self-care and teach to live with the new characteristics given by the consequences of their age and the complications of the pathologies that afflict them. If necessary, the social network should be strengthened, seeking family and extra-family resources to participate in the resolution of the crises that arise. Relationships with friends, neighbors and colleagues are also considered important to offer other types of help. These are established through common interests and shared activities and are essential outside the home context.

Eficacia de lutecio-177 DOTATATE/TOC en pacientes con tumores neuroendocrinos bien diferenciados en estado avanzado. Ensayo clínico fase II / Efficacy of Lutetium-177 DOTATATE/TOC in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors

Resumen Introducción: En 2009, el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC) elaboró el 177Lu-DOTATATE/TOC. El propósito del estudio fue demostrar la eficacia de estos radiopéptidos en el tratamiento paliativo de pacientes con tumores neuroendocrinos (TNE) avanzados inoperables (metastásicos o localmente avanzados) y en progresión. Métodos: Ensayo clínico abierto fase II de un solo brazo en 13 pacientes adultos con TNE grado 1 o 2, con expresión de receptores de somatostatina en lesiones blanco demostrada por captación Krenning 3 o 4 en 99mTc-HYNIC TOC. Los pacientes fueron tratados con 177Lu-DOTATATE o 177Lu-DOTATOC (según disponibilidad) a una actividad acumulativa proyectada de 600-800 mCi dividida en 3-4 dosis cada 6-9 semanas comenzando siempre con una actividad fija de 200 mCi y dosimetría con la primera dosis. El desenlace primario fue la respuesta objetiva calculada 6 y 12 meses después de la última dosis del tratamiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 13 pacientes (7 mujeres) de 63 ± 11,6 años con TNE avanzado inoperable y en progresión. La actividad final administrada fue de 800 mCi, 600 mCi, 400 mCi y 200 mCi en 4, 7, 1 y 1 pacientes, respectivamente. La tasa de control de enfermedad a 6 y 12 meses fue de 69,2% y 45,5%, respectivamente, logrando únicamente enfermedad estable. Fallecieron 7 pacientes, 2 de ellos en los primeros 6 meses. La mediana de supervivencia global a partir de la última dosis del radiopéptido fue de 15,7 meses. Conclusiones: Se corroboró la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento con los radiopéptidos en NETs avanzados.

Abstract Objectives: The National Cancer Institute first elaborated 177Lu-DOTATATE/TOC in 2009. The purpose of this study was to prove the efficacy of these radiopeptides in the palliative treatment of patients with progressive advanced inoperable neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Methods: A single-phase phase II open clinical trial was conducted in 13 adult patients with grade 1 y 2 NETs, with expression of somatostatin receptors in target lesions proven by Krenning Score 3 or 4 uptake in 99mTc-HYNIC TOC. Patients were treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE or 177Lu-DOTATOC (depending upon availability) at a projected acumulative activitiy of 600-800 mCi divided into 3-4 doses every 6-9 weeks always beginning with a fixed activity of 200 mCi and dosimetry during the first dose. The primary outcome was objective response to therapy. Results: 13 patients (7 women) aged 63 ± 11.6 years with inoperable advanced NETs were included. The final therapeutic administered activity was 800 mCi, 600 mCi, 400 mCi and 200 mCi in 4, 7, 1 and 1 patients, respectively. The disease control rate at 6 and 12 months was 69.2% and 45.5%, respectively, only obtaining stable disease. Six patients died, 2 of them in the first 6 months. Median overall survival was 15.7 months from the last treatment dose. Conclusions: The efficacy of the treatment with 177Lu-DOTATATE or 177Lu-DOTATOC radiopeptides elaborated in-house was confirmed, becoming a management alternative for patients with advanced NETs.

Significados construidos de las prácticas en simulación clínica por estudiantes de enfermería / Significados construidos da práticas em simulação clínica por estudantes de enfermagem / Constructed meanings of clinical simulation practices by nursing students

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir los significados que han construido los estudiantes de enfermería a partir de la experiencia en simulación clínica para satisfacer sus necesidades de aprendizaje. Metodología: La metodología es cualitativa descriptiva, desde un paradigma hermenéutico. El diseño corresponde a un estudio de casos de tipo instrumental. Se aplicó un grupo focal y entrevistas en profundidad a estudiantes de 5° año de la carrera de enfermería de la Universidad Mayor Temuco, Chile, año 2015. La reducción de datos se hizo desde el software Atlas Ti, versión 7.0. La transcripción de la data verbal se desarrolló a partir del convencionalismo de Jefferson, lo que permitió el desarrollar procesos de codificación y análisis de narrativas. Resultados: Surgieron 4 categorías: Características de la simulación clínica, expectativas formativas simulación clínica, competencias movilizadas e importancia de la simulación para la práctica clínica. Dentro de los resultados observados, los estudiantes reconocen que la simulación clínica proporciona un entorno seguro y libre de riesgos, pueden integrar lo aprendido en la teoría a la práctica, sin temor de causar daño a los pacientes, pudiendo cometer errores, logrando así un aprendizaje significativo. Además, permite el desarrollo de competencias como trabajo en equipo, comunicación efectiva, resolución de problemas, manejo del estrés y liderazgo. Todo esto mejora la confianza y seguridad del estudiante al momento de enfrentarse al paciente real, promoviendo la entrega de cuidados enfermeros de calidad, resguardando la seguridad de los usuarios. Conclusión: Los estudiantes valoran desde una perspectiva técnica y personal la simulación clínica como una metodología de aprendizaje que facilita la integración entre teoría y práctica, promoviendo la seguridad del paciente, la autoconfianza y seguridad en el estudiante.

Resumo: Objetivo: Descrever os significados que os estudantes de enfermagem construíram a partir da experiência em simulação clínica para atender as suas necessidades de aprendizagem. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo qualitativo a partir de um paradigma hermenéutico. O design corresponde a um estudo de caso do tipo instrumental. Um grupo focal e entrevistas em profundidade foram aplicados aos alunos do quinto ano da carreira de enfermagem na Universidad Mayor Temuco, Chile, 2015. A redução de dados foi feita a partir do software Atlas Ti, versão 7.0. A transcrição de dados verbais foi desenvolvida a partir do convencionalismo de Jefferson, o que permitiu o desenvolvimento de processos de codificação e análise de narrativas. Resultados: Emergiram quatro categorias: Características da simulação clínica, expectativas formativas, simulação clínica, competências mobilizadas e importância da simulação para a prática clínica. Dentro dos resultados observados, os estudantes reconhecem que a simulação clínica proporciona um ambiente seguro e livre de riscos, eles podem integrar o que aprenderam na teoria à prática, sem medo de causar danos aos pacientes, sendo capazes de cometer erros, alcançando assim a aprendizagem. significativo Também permite o desenvolvimento de habilidades como trabalho em equipe, comunicação eficaz, resolução de problemas, gerenciamento de estresse e liderança. Tudo isso melhora a confiança e a segurança do aluno frente ao paciente real, promovendo a entrega de cuidados de enfermagem de qualidade, resguardando a segurança dos usuários. Conclusão: Os estudantes valorizam, de uma perspectiva técnica e pessoal, a simulação clínica como metodologia de aprendizagem que facilita a integração entre teoria e prática, promovendo a segurança do doente, a autoconfiança e a segurança no estudante.

Abstract: Objective: To describe the meanings that nursing students have built from clinical simulation experience to meet their learning needs. Methodology: The descriptive qualitative study from a hermeneutic paradigm. The design corresponds to an instrumental case study. A focus group and in-depth interviews were applied to 5th year students of the nursing career of Universidad Mayor Temuco, Chile, 2015. Data reduction was done from Atlas Ti software, version 7.0. The transcription of verbal data was developed from Jefferson transcription convention, which allowed the development of codification processes and analysis of narratives. Results: 4 categories emerged: Characteristics of clinical simulation, training expectations of clinical simulation, mobilized competencies and the importance of simulation for clinical practice. Within the observed results, students recognize that clinical simulation provides a safe and risk-free environment, they can integrate what they have learned in theory, into practice, without fear of causing harm to patients, being able to make mistakes, therefore,achieving meaningful learning. In addition, it allows the development of competencies such as teamwork, effective communication, problem solving, stress management and leadership. All this improves the confidence and safety of the student when facing real patients, promoting the delivery of quality nursing care, safeguarding the safety of users. Conclusion: Students value clinical simulation from a technical and personal perspective as a learning methodology that facilitates integration between theory and practice, promoting patient safety, self-confidence and security in the student.

A Multi-Site Study of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mexico and Colombia: Longitudinal Mediational and Cross-Lagged Models of Family Dynamics, Coping, and Health-Related Quality of Life.

Latin America has high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet reduced mental and physical health outcomes due to limited rehabilitation services. To understand the psychosocial adjustment process in TBI patients in Latin America, the incorporation of cultural values including family-based variables is imperative. The current study examined relations among healthy family dynamics, coping, and mental and physical health related quality of life (HRQL) among a sample of TBI patients across three sites and two countries over the first 4 months post-injury. A sample of 109 acute TBI patients from Mexico and Colombia were recruited, and a series of longitudinal mediation and cross-lag panel analyses were run. Mental and physical HRQL were positively associated with each other, as well as healthy family dynamics and coping. Coping partially mediated the effects of healthy family dynamics on both mental and physical HRQL. Family dynamics showed the strongest cross-lag relationships with coping going from 2 months to 4 months. Similarly, coping showed the strongest cross-lag relationships with both mental and physical HRQL going from baseline to 2 months. Results provide empirical support for the importance of a rehabilitation workforce that has been trained in and can effectively implement family-based interventions for individuals with TBI in Latin America.